Demographic responses to the chemical control of Doublegee

Control of Doublegee in medic pasture, 88WH47. Competitive effect and response of Emex australis in a grazed animal pasture

Long-time Behavior of a Two-layer Model of Baroclinic Quasi-geostrophic Turbulence

We study a viscous two-layer quasi-geostrophic beta-plane model that is forced by imposition of a spatially uniform vertical shear in the eastward (zonal) component of the layer flows, or equivalently a spatially uniform north-south temperature gradient. We prove that the model is linearly unstable, but that non-linear solutions are bounded in time by a bound which is independent of the initial data and is determined only by the physical parameters of the model. We further prove, using arguments first presented in the study of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, the existence of an absorbing ball in appropriate function spaces, and in fact the existence of a compact finite-dimensional attractor, and provide upper bounds for the fractal and Hausdorff dimensions of the attractor. Finally, we show the existence of an inertial manifold for the dynamical system generated by the model's solution operator. Our results provide rigorous justification for observations made by Panetta based on long-time numerical integrations of the model equations

Il rischio di liquidità: regolamentazione e best practice

In the light of the recent financial market turmoil, this paper focuses on liquidity risk management from the point of view of both supervisory authorities and large financial institutions. This research aims at pointing out the main differences between national regulations and supervisory regimes in the most important EU Countries (UK, DE, IT, FR, SP), trying to explain the rationale and the limits of the different approaches. Taking into account liquidity risk management models adopted in the major banking groups within the same countries, this paper also suggests the most significant issues to be considered in order to implement effective liquidity risk management. Areas of convergence/divergence at international level are highlighted and “food for thought” is offered on a subject that is gaining more and more attention of academics and officials worldwide, that is to say the importance of finding regulatory solutions and management models suited to 'remove' systemic crisis

Il rischio di liquidità: regolamentazione e best practice

In the light of the recent financial market turmoil, this paper focuses on liquidity risk management from the point of view of both supervisory authorities and large financial institutions. This research aims at pointing out the main differences between national regulations and supervisory regimes in the most important EU Countries (UK, DE, IT, FR, SP), trying to explain the rationale and the limits of the different approaches. Taking into account liquidity risk management models adopted in the major banking groups within the same countries, this paper also suggests the most significant issues to be considered in order to implement effective liquidity risk management. Areas of convergence/divergence at international level are highlighted and “food for thought” is offered on a subject that is gaining more and more attention of academics and officials worldwide, that is to say the importance of finding regulatory solutions and management models suited to 'remove' systemic crisis

Coupling Microstructure Outputs of Process Models to Ultrasonic Inspectability Predictions

The efforts of the materials community can be characterized as the study of the relationship of processing, structure, properties and performance, as schematically illustrated in Figure 1. Added, in parentheses, are quantities of importance when these ideas are applied to ultrasonic NDE. It would be highly desirable if one could start from models of processes such as rolling, casting and extrusion; predict the microstructural features produced, such as grain size or shape, texture (preferred grain orientation), or the two-point correlation of elastic constants (to be discussed later); predict the resulting ultrasonic properties such as velocity v, attenuation a and backscattering coefficient η; and ultimately determine the inspectability of the part. Such a capability would allow NDE to be considered explicitly during the selection of material processing procedures

Dispersive stabilization of the inverse cascade for the Kolmogorov flow

It is shown by perturbation techniques and numerical simulations that the inverse cascade of kink-antikink annihilations, characteristic of the Kolmogorov flow in the slightly supercritical Reynolds number regime, is halted by the dispersive action of Rossby waves in the beta-plane approximation. For beta tending to zero, the largest excited scale is proportional to the logarithm of one over beta and differs strongly from what is predicted by standard dimensional phenomenology which ignores depletion of nonlinearity.Comment: 4 pages, LATEX, 3 figures. v3: revised version with minor correction

3D enamel thickness in Neandertal and modern human permanent canines

Enamel thickness figures prominently in studies of human evolution, particularly for taxonomy, phylogeny, and paleodietary reconstruction. Attention has focused on molar teeth, through the use of advanced imaging technologies and novel protocols. Despite the important results achieved thus far, further work is needed to investigate all tooth classes. We apply a recent approach developed for anterior teeth to investigate the 3D enamel thickness of Neandertal and modern human (MH) canines. In terms of crown size, the values obtained for both upper and lower unworn/slightly worn canines are significantly greater in Neandertals than in Upper Paleolithic and recent MH. The 3D relative enamel thickness (RET) is significantly lower in Neandertals than in MH. Moreover, differences in 3D RET values between the two groups appear to decrease in worn canines beginning from wear stage 3, suggesting that both the pattern and the stage of wear may have important effects on the 3D RET value. Nevertheless, the 3D average enamel thickness (AET) does not differ between the two groups. In both groups, 3D AET and 3D RET indices are greater in upper canines than in lower canines, and overall the enamel is thicker on the occlusal half of the labial aspect of the crown, particularly in MH. By contrast, the few early modern humans investigated show the highest volumes of enamel while for all other components of 3D enamel, thickness this group holds an intermediate position between Neandertals and recent MH. Overall, our study supports the general findings that Neandertals have relatively thinner enamel than MH (as also observed in molars), indicating that unworn/slightly worn canines can be successfully used to discriminate between the two groups. Further studies, however, are needed to understand whether these differences are functionally related or are the result of pleiotropic or genetic drift effects

Absence of FGFR3–TACC3 rearrangement in hematological malignancies with numerical chromosomal alteration

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The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) ? Part 1: Model description and evaluation

International audienceWe introduce the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS). CATT-BRAMS is an on-line transport model fully consistent with the simulated atmospheric dynamics. Emission sources from biomass burning and urban-industrial-vehicular activities for trace gases and aerosol particles are obtained from several published datasets and remote sensing information. The tracer and aerosol mass concentration prognostic includes the effects of sub-grid scale turbulence in the planetary boundary layer, convective transport by shallow and deep moist convection, wet and dry deposition, and plume rise associated with vegetation fires in addition to the grid scale transport. The radiation parameterization takes into account the interaction between aerosol particles and short and long wave radiation. The atmospheric model BRAMS is based on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), with several improvements associated with cumulus convection representation, soil moisture initialization and surface scheme tuned for the tropics, among others. In this paper the CATT-BRAMS model is used to simulate carbon monoxide and particulate material (PM2.5) surface fluxes and atmospheric transport during the 2002 LBA field campaigns, conducted during the transition from the dry to wet season in the southwest Amazon Basin. Model evaluation is addressed with comparisons between model results and near surface, radiosonde and airborne measurements performed during the field campaign, as well as remote sensing derived products. We show the matching of emissions strengths to observed carbon monoxide in the LBA campaign. A relatively good comparison to the MOPITT data, in spite of the fact that MOPITT a priori assumptions imply several difficulties, is also obtained